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Croton lechleri Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae) stem bark essential oil as possible mutagen-protective food ingbkp_redient against heterocyclic amines from cooked food

Abstract:

The Amazonian Croton lechleri stem bark essential oil was tested for its anti-mutagenic potential by performing the Ames test against heterocyclic amines (HCAs), in continuing research on applicative functional profile of this phytocomplex as food ingbkp_redient (Rossi et al., 2011). Salmonella typhimurium strain TA98 was used with and without metabolic activation (S9 mix). The anti-mutagenic properties was assayed with the following HCAs: 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ), 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo-[4,5- f]quinoline (MeIQ), 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline (MeIQx), the imidazoles 2-amino-6-methyldipyrido-[1,2-a:3′,2′-d]imidazole (Glu-P-1) and 2-aminodipirydo-[1,2-a:3′,2′-d]imidazole (Glu-P-2). All HCAs with S9 induced mutagenicity at 10-10 mol/plate. Without S9, IQ and MeIQ showed mutagenicity at 10-8 mol/plate, MeIQx and Glu-P-1 at 10-5 mol/plate, while Glu-P-2 was inactive. In presence of HACs (10-9 mol/plate), C. lechleri essential oil was tested for mutagen-protective properties (concentration range: 0.01-0.10 mg/plate) taking the Highest Uneffective Dose (HUD) as threshold reference. With S9 mix, C. lechleri essential oil displayed a significant reduction of revertants at 0.05 mg/plate, from 21% to 34%. The essential oil showed mutagen-protective efficacy against IQ and MeIQ tested as direct mutagens (10-7 mol/plate), with a revertants percentage reduction of 39% and 40%, respectively. No anti-mutagen capacity was noted for MeIQx and Glu-P-1 (10-5 mol/plate). Since HACs are known as possible colon and liver cancer inducers, C. lechleri essential oil was tested for its cytotoxicity and anti-proliferative capacity against LoVo and HepG2 cancer cell lines showing IC50 of 74.95 ± 0.05 μg/ml (LoVo) and 82.28 ± 0.03 μg/ml (HepG2), displaying a promising role of this essential oil as a functional food ingbkp_redient with interesting mutagen preventing properties. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.