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Demographic and socioeconomic disparities of benign and malignant spinal meningiomas in the United States

Abstract:

Introduction: Spinal meningiomas constitute the majority of primary spinal neoplasms, yet their pathogenesis remains elusive. By investigating the distribution of these tumors across sociodemographic variables can provide direction in etiology elucidation and healthcare disparity identification. Methods: To investigate benign and malignant spinal meningioma incidences (per 100,000) with respect to sex, age, income, residence, and race/ethnicity, we queried the largest American administrative dataset (1997–2016), the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS), which surveys 20% of United States (US) discharges. Results: Annual national incidence was 0.62 for benign tumors and 0.056 for malignant. For benign meningiomas, females had an incidence of 0.81, larger (P = 0.000004) than males at 0.40; yet for malignant meningiomas, males had a larger (P = 0.006) incidence at 0.062 than females at 0.053. Amongst age groups, peak incidence was largest for those 65–84 years old (2.03) in the benign group, but 45–64 years old (0.083) for the malignant group. For benign and malignant meningiomas respectively, individuals with middle/high income had an incidence of 0.67 and 0.060, larger (P = 0.000008; P = 0.04) than the 0.48 and 0.046 of low income patients. Incidences were statistically similar (P = 0.2) across patient residence communities. Examining race/ethnicity (P = 0.000003) for benign meningiomas, incidences for Whites, Asian/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and Blacks were as follows, respectively: 0.83, 0.42, 0.28, 0.15. Conclusions: Across sociodemographic strata, healthcare inequalities were identified with regards to spinal meningiomas. For benign spinal meningiomas, incidence was greatest for patients who were female, 65–84 years old, middle/high income, living in rural communities, White, and Asian/Pacific Islander. Meanwhile, for malignant spinal meningiomas incidence was greatest for males, those 45–65 years old, and middle/high income.