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Description of patients with total knee arthroplasty in a hospital of guayaquil-ecuador. 2011-2013

Abstract:

Introduction: total knee arthroplasty is considered an innovative surgery, which confers to the patient with joint injury at this level, the possibility of being able to live a life without pain. For this reason, this technique is increasingly used by specialists for the resolution of different pathologies. Therefore, the objective of the present analysis is to describe a group of individuals subjected to this surgical act. Materials and methods: this was an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study carried out in a third-level hospital in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador, where 126 patients who underwent a total knee arthroplasty were evaluated. The analysis of the complete clinical history, inquiring about the sociodemographic characteristics, antecedents and surgical procedure of the patient and the analysis was made through the statistical program SPSS in its version 21. Results: it was observed that the predominant sex was female (54.4%), the surgery was performed in a greater proportion in individuals under 60 years of age with 57.6% of the cases. According to the pathological history, diabetes mellitus was the most prevalent disease with 37.3%, followed by arterial hypertension that affected 21.4%. Amongst the risk factors for complications after surgery: obesity was the most prevalent with 12.7%, 92.8% underwent a surgical operation greater than 2 hours, 14.3% developed complications and of these the most frequent was the one of infections in the surgical wound. Conclusions: knee arthroplasty is a delicate surgery, which is why all the factors that may put the patient at risk must be taken into account.