Detection of fecal coliforms and SARS-CoV-2 RNA in sewage and recreational waters in the Ecuadorian Coast: a call for improving water quality regulation

Abstract:

Wastewater surveillance represents an alternative approach for the diagnosis and early detection of infectious agents of public health importance. This study aimed to evaluate SARS-CoV-2 and other quality markers in oxidation lagoons, estuarine areas and seawater at Guayas and Santa Elena in Ecuador. Sample collections were conducted twice at 42 coastal sites and 2 oxidation lagoons during dry and rainy seasons (2020-2021). Physico-chemical and microbiological parameters were evaluated to determine organic pollution. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR was conducted to detect SARS-CoV-2. Results showed high levels of Escherichia coli and low dissolved oxygen concentrations. SARS-CoV-2 was detected in sea-waters and estuaries with salinity levels between 34.2-36.4 PSU and 28.8 °C-31.3 °C. High amounts of fecal coliforms were detected and correlated with the SARS-CoV-2 shedding. We recommend to decentralized autonomous governments in developing countries such as Ecuador to implement corrective actions and establish medium-term mechanisms to minimize a potential contamination route. HIGHLIGHTS SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in estuaries, bays and the wastewater treatment systems in Playas and Santa Elena. High levels of fecal coliforms were detected along shorelines. Water quality parameters revealed a negative impact on the beaches studied associated with human activities.

Año de publicación:

2022

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Fuente:

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