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Abstract:

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious contagious disease, considered among the top 10 causes of death worldwide and the main one due to a single infectious agent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The risk of infection depends on both, endogenous factors of the bacteria and exogenous factors1. However, the probability that an infected person will develop the disease is determined by the state of general health, nutritional, and immunocompetence2. Besides, multi-drug resistant TB is a health threat and a challenge because of the need for more toxic and expensive drugs3. In 2020, 1.5 million people died from TB, including 214,000 among persons living with HIV and an estimated 10 million developed the disease4. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated 282,000 new and recurring cases of TB in the Region of the Americas in 2017, 3% of the global burden of TB (10 million cases), and an incidence rate of 28 per 100,000. population. In the Americas, the highest incidence rate was observed in the Caribbean (61.2 per 100,000 inhabitants), followed by South America (46.2), Central America and Mexico (25.9), and North America (3.3) 5. In Ecuador, the data shown for 2018 reflected that TB caused 460 deaths in HIV negative people and 210 deaths in HIV positive people. The prevalence of pulmonary TB is approximately 60 cases per 100,000 people. In this year 7,200 people developed the disease and there was an incidence rate of 44 per 100,000 inhabitants6.

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