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Dynamic analysis of the governor's speed controller for the Francis turbine of the Marcel Laniado de Wind Hydroelectric Power Plant

Abstract:

This paper presents a detailed mathematical modelling with linear characteristics aimed to understand the dynamic response of speed and power of a Francis type hydraulic turbine unit which together with an electric generator supplies 71 MW of electric power to the Ecuadorian National Power Grid. The turbine is installed in the Marcel Laniado de Wind (MLDW) Hydroelectric Power Plant, located in the original channel of the Daule River, 180 km north of the city of Guayaquil and 10 km downstream of the confluence of the Daule and Peripa rivers. Our model considers all the electromechanical systems of the turbine unit, such as the distributor servo actuator and the main speed governor, our methodology finds two transfer functions: one for the power and the other for the speed of the turbine. It also explained in this paper how the rotational frequency of one of the turbines affects the response of its mechanical power and provides an additional transfer function to the two previously found, which in turn depends on the control mode chosen by a plant operator. The response of each function in the frequency domain is then analysed so that from the gain margins obtained along with their frequencies, the tuning of controllers is performed for each transfer function. The ZieglerNichols Oscillation Method is applied to determine the parameters of the controller, then our analysis compare and choose which of the three types of controllers, whether proportional (P), proportional integral (PI) or proportional integral-derivative (PID), provides a better output response of each of the transfer functions and a better correction to the steady-state error.