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ELECTRICAL COMMUNICATION BETWEEN “HORSERADISH PEROXIDASE” AND MODIFIED ELECTRODES WITH NANOMATERIALS: APPLICATION AS ENZYMATIC ELECTROCHEMICAL BIOSENSORS

Abstract:

This chapter aims to cover the latest advancements and innovations in the field of enzymatic electrochemical sensors based on the electrical communication between “Horseradish Peroxidase” and the enzyme’s modified electrodes surfaces. The “Horseradish Peroxidase” is a glycoprotein that contains an iron porphyrin as an electroactive center that has been widely used as electrochemical biosensors due to its low cost and stable characteristics. Studies on the electrochemical behavior of a bioactive molecule as “Horseradish Peroxidase” have become one of the fastest growing fields, where interest has grown in biomedical engineering and biotechnology in the manufacture of more stable, responsive, accurate and voltammetric/amperometric biosensors. The application of this type of devices involves many fields: cancer diagnosis, water analysis, heavy metal ion detection, and toxicity detection. However, research on the electrochemical communication of redox enzyme immobilized on solid electrodes is one of the principal challenges for the development of electronic applications. This has opened a new route towards bioelectrochemical devices based on enzymes and metallic electrodes that demands more advanced and reliable tools. It includes an appropriate enzyme redox-electrode interface, where an appropriate “matrix” immobilization is essential to study and optimize the electrochemical properties of this kind of devices. This field presents a rapid growth in the design of this type of biosensors that have required the incorporation of nanomaterials. This document presents a review of the research that has been carried out in the development of nanomaterials for the fabrication of enzymes electrochemical sensors that have presented major efficiency for the immobilization and effective communication of “Horseradish Peroxidase” with the electrodic surface and its application for the precise detection of different important analytes (Peroxides, phenolic compounds and nitrides). In this review, the general voltammetric techniques are addressed and how these techniques are useful for the biosensitivity and detection of these devices, together with the important details and concepts around them, such as sensitivity and detection limits. The discussion gives a perspective of future concepts that can be used in the manufacture of sensors that involve the “Horseradish Peroxidase”, as well as the restrictions of the nanomaterials proposed and how their detection can be improved.