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Economic growth, CO<inf>2</inf> emissions and electric consumption: Is there an environmental Kuznets curve? An empirical study for North America countries

Abstract:

The goal of this paper is validity the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis for North America countries (Canada, United States and Mexico) over the annual period 1980-2008. Pedroni cointegration tests are applied for testing long-run relationship between the variables. Using the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (OLSs) and the panel dynamic OLSs determinate the elasticities of the long-run relationships. The results show that there is an inverted U-shape relationship. Finally, in the long-run, the results of the causality test show that there is a unidirectional causal flow from energy consumption, electricity consumption and economic growth to CO2 emissions in North America.