Age and isotope geochemistry of the Archaean Pongola and Usushwana suites in Swaziland, southern Africa: a case for crustal contamination of mantle-derived magma

Abstract:

The igneous rocks of the Pongola Supergroup (PS) and Usushwana Intrusive Suite (UIS) represent a case of late Archaean continental magmatism in the southeastern part of the Kaapvaal craton of South Africa and Swaziland. UPb dating on zircons from felsic volcanic rocks of the PS yields a concordia intercept age of 2940 ± 22 Ma that is consistent with a SmNd whole rock age of 2934 ± 114 Ma determined on the PS basalt-rhyolite suite. The initial ε{lunate}Nd of -2.6 ± 0.9 is the lowest value so far reported for Archaean mantle-derived rocks. RbSr whole rock dating of the PS yields a younger isochron age of 2883 ± 69 Ma, which is not significantly different form the accepted UPb zircon age. An internal (cpx-opx-plag-whole rock) isochron for a pyroxenite from the younger UIS yields an age of 2871 ± 30 Ma and initial 143Nd 144Nd that lies off the CHUR growth curve by ε{lunate}Nd -2.9 ± 0.2. However, SmNd whole-rock data for the UIS yield an excessively high age of ∼ 3.1 Ga that conflicts with firm geological evidence showing the UIS to be intrusive into the PS. The negative deviations of initial ε{lunate}Nd from the chondritic Nd evolution curve suggest significant contamination of the PS and UIS melts by older continental crust. A mixing process with continental crust after magma segregation is supported by a high initial 87Sr 86Sr ratio of 0.703024 ± 24 for a clinopyroxene sample from a UIS pyroxenite, compared with an expected value of ∼ 0.701 for the 2.9 Ga mantle. We therefore interpret the linear array of data points for the UIS gabbros as a mixing line between 2.87 Ga old magma and older continental crust. Parallel LREE-enriched REE patterns, negative NbTi anomalies, a distinctive and uniform ratio of Ti Zr ∼ 46 and a narrow span of initial Nd indicate a common source for both the PS and UIS suites which is different from primitive mantle. © 1984.

Año de publicación:

1984

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Fuente:

scopus