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Effect of sorbitol, mannitol and sucrose in vitro germination of african palm embryos

Abstract:

The seeds of oil palm have been classified as intermediates, they germinate slowly with a low percentage, however, this time can be shortened by in vivo and in vitro treatments. The objective of the research was to study the effect of sorbitol, mannitol and sucrose supplementation in vitro germination of African palm hybrid embryos of the INIAP. Zygotic embryos were extracted from immature fruits in aseptic form and were implemented in semi-solid basic culture media, using Murashige and Skoog (MS), supplemented with three sources of carbon: sucrose (3 and 6 %), sorbitol (1.6 and 3 %) and mannitol (1.6 and 3%), under photoperiod of 16 h light, at a temperature of 26 ± 2 °C. At 60 days after sowing (das), the percentage of germination, the number of leaves and the lengths of nibs and roots were evaluated. The average of germination was between 31 and 63 % and only occurred in sucrose or sorbitol presence. The highest number of leaves and nib length was obtained with sucrose at 3 %, while in sucrose at 6 % and sorbitol treatments (1.6 and 3 %) were similar. The highest length of roots was obtained with sucrose at 6 %. Acceptable in vitro germination percentages were achieved, for hybrid zygotic embryos of African palm of the INIAP, and the germination time in the media of MS supplemented with sorbitol and sucrose were shortened, therefore can be implemented this methodology for germination of parentals or valuable crosses in oil palm genetic improvement programs.