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Embryonic spontaneous network activity and its role on synaptic development

Abstract:

Embrionic neural networks exibit a temporary special form of electrical activity known as Spontaneous Network Activity (SNA). SNA occurs as soon as synaptic conections are stablished and consists on synchronized action potential firing for most of the neurons on the network, followed by long silents periods where network excitability is gradually recovered till a new SNA episode can happen. This kind of neural activity allows a high level of synchronization among neurons on developing networks, contributing to synaptic connection and maturation. SNA has been described in several regions of the developing nervous system due to conserved properties among developing neural networks: redundant intercellular connectivity and the fact that the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutiric acid (GABA) is excitatory during early embryonic development (GABA is inhibitory in the adult nervous system).In this review we discuss the hypothesis that SNA contributes to synaptic strenght for glutamatergic and gabaer-gic synapsis while both of them are excitatory, by using the same synaptic plasticity mechanism known as homeostatic plasticity.