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Enhancement of surface graft density of MPEG on alginate/chitosan hydrogel microcapsules for protein repellency

Abstract:

Alginate/chitosan/alginate (ACA) hydrogel microcapsules were modified with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) (MPEG) to improve protein repellency and biocompatibility. Increased MPEG surface graft density (nS) on hydrogel microcapsules was achieved by controlling the grafting parameters including the buffer layer substrate, membrane thickness, and grafting method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) model was employed to quantitatively analyze nS on this three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel network structure. Our results indicated that neutralizing with alginate, increasing membrane thickness, and in situ covalent grafting could increase nS effectively. ACACPEG was more promising than ACCPEG in protein repellency because alginate supplied more -COO- negative binding sites and prevented MPEG from diffusing. The nS increased with membrane thickness, showing better protein repellency. Moreover, the in situ covalent grafting provided an effective way to enhance nS, and 1.00 ± 0.03 chains/nm2 was achieved, exhibiting almost complete immunity to protein adsorption. This antifouling hydrogel biomaterial is expected to be useful in transplantation in vivo. © 2012 American Chemical Society.