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Evaluación de las actividades biológicas de compuestos bioactivos del hongo Agaricus blazei

Abstract:

The Agaricus blazei Murill mushroom, is an edible macromycete used in the oriental culture since ancient times for it’s physiological properties. The present study seeks to expand knowledge on the bioactive molecules and biological activities of the mushroom. From a sample of a dry and ground whole fungus of a strain of A. blazei, the optimal parameters for the extraction process of bioactive components were evaluated, What were: water as solvent in a relation 1:15, during 1 hour at boiling temperature. Using UV-VIS spectrophotometry methods, the concentrations of the main active compounds of 4 extracts were determined, highlighting T1, concentrations: polyphenols 21,27 mg GAE/g, flavonoids 2,34 mg QE/g and polysaccharides 192,41 mg GLUC/g, treatment that was selected for the evaluation of biological activities. It is known that there is a close relationship between oxidative metabolism, the immune response and the carcinogenesis process, which is why the antioxidant, immunomodulatory and cytotoxic properties of the ABM extract are evaluated. In the case of antioxidant activity by the DPPH assay, it was identified that the aqueous extract of ABM had the capacity to consume 13,01 % DPPH with 84,81 μmol Trolox/g. The immunomodulatory activity was quantified through the cell proliferation of blood lymphocytes isolated by the MTT colorimetric technique with EC50 equals to 0,30 mg/ml. For the cytotoxic activity the inhibition of cell growth in two cancer cell lines was evaluated by MTT assay, for HeLa cells (ATCC CCL-2TM) an IC50 of 0,0024 mg/ml, and for MCF-7 cells (ATCC HTB-22TM) an IC50 0,0023 mg/ml. The analysis of results showed that the extract rich in polysaccharides, polyphenols, flavonoids possess the biological activities under study