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Evaluación de las propiedades del aceite esencial de citrus paradisi l. (toronja blanca) que crece en la zona costera del Ecuador

Abstract:

The essential oil of the white grapefruit is widely used in differents areas because It has a fresh aroma and properties bactericides and antifungal. The present titration work was directed to a pharmacognostic study of the shell of the species Citrus paradisi L. (white grapefruit), the extraction and evaluation of the spectroscopics and antimicrobials properties of the essential oil. The hydrodestilation method was used to obtain the oil in simultaneous extractions, establishing the average yield (0.33%). Prior to obtaining the volatile substances, the plant material (the shell) was subjected to the pharmacognostic study: total, water-insoluble and acid-insoluble ash, moisture, phytochemical screening and extractables substances. For the composition of the oil was use Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-ME) and finally the antimicrobial capacity was evaluated by the agar diffusion method. This evaluation will allow to establish the main characteristics of this oil for possible applications in the different areas of human development (pharmaceutical, cosmetic, industrial, among others). For the studys of ashs the porcents results were 4.166 %, 2.833 % y 1.333 % respectively, the moisture was 13.496 %, all values acording to the ranges established in the Real Pharmacopeia Española and Codex Alimentarius. With the phytochemical screening, the presence of alkaloids, terpenes, steroids, flavonoids and reducing sugars were established in a qualitative way. In the chemical composition of the essential oil of the species Citrus paradisi L., The major component was limonene in a 74.93 %, And the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of essential oil of the essential oil provide positive results for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231 using solutions at concentrations of 12.5% of the oil.