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Factores de riesgo perinatales y su influencia en la morbimortalidad de neonatos prematuros. Estudio a realizarse en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Regional II IESS Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo 2011-2013

Abstract:

Descriptive, retrospective study entitled perinatal risk factors and their influence on morbidity and mortality in preterm infants. Study conducted in the intensive care unit of the Regional Hospital IESS II ¨ Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo ¨ 2011-2013 " , with the overall objective : To determine the perinatal risk factors and their influence on morbidity and mortality of hospitalized preterm infants by a study in the Intensive Care Unit ( NICU) Hospital Teodoro Maldonado Carbo , and as variables age, occupation , parity, maternal infections , associated pathologies, types of delivery , gestational age , weight, sex , morbidity, mortality , hospital stay, post birth age , weight, gestational age of the deceased infant. Of the 6419 children born during the investigation period were 515 infants less than 37 weeks (6 %), with the overall rate of prematurity from 5.84 % to 6.84%. Medical records of 390 preterm and 38 deceased infants were reviewed, finding that between the risk factors of preterm birth prematurity is 6%. With a gestational age of 28 weeks (61 %) with a higher survival in gestational ages between 29-33 weeks. The leading causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the Hospital “Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo during the study preterm infants for gestational age, respiratory distress of newborn bacterial sepsis of newborn, fetal growth retardation, hemolytic disease of the newborn, neonatal jaundice, congenital malformations. The results is that the incidence of preterm is at 6 % of all live births and is triggered by the failures in the prenatal control. We conclude that the prevalence is equal to literature. The health of mothers and newborns are intrinsically linked, preventing their deaths requires the application of the same interventions such as prenatal care, assisted delivery, access to emergency obstetric care, adequate nutrition, postnatal care, care newborn and education oriented to improve health-related habits, hygiene, breastfeeding and newborn care.