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Antimycobacterial and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase activity of Julianaceae and Clusiaceae plant species from Mexico

Abstract:

The extracts of 14 Julianaceae and 5 Clusiaceae species growing in Mexico were tested in vitro (50 μg/mL) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and HIV reverse transcriptase (HIV-RT). The Julianaceae bark and leaf extracts inhibited M. tuberculosis (>84.67%) and HIV-RT (<49.89%). The Clusiaceae leaves extracts also inhibited both targets (>58.3% and >67.6%), respectively. The IC<inf>50</inf> values for six selected extracts and their cytotoxicity (50 μg/mL) to human macrophages were then determined. Amphipterygium glaucum, A. molle, and A. simplicifolium fairly inhibited M. tuberculosis with IC<inf>50</inf> of 1.87-2.35 μg/mL; but their IC<inf>50</inf> against HIV-RT was 59.25-97.83 μg/mL. Calophyllum brasiliense, Vismia baccifera, and Vismia mexicana effect on M. tuberculosis was noteworthy (IC<inf>50</inf> 3.02-3.64 μg/mL) and also inhibited RT-HIV (IC<inf>50</inf> 26.24-35.17 μg/mL). These 6 extracts (50 μg/mL) presented low toxicity to macrophages (<23.8%). The HPLC profiles of A. glaucum, A. molle, and A. simplicifolium indicated that their antimycobacterial activity cannot be related to masticadienonic, 3α, or 3β-hydromasticadienonic acids, suggesting that other compounds may be responsible for the observed activity or this might be a synergy result. The anti-HIV-RT and antimycobacterial activities induced by C. brasiliense can be attributed to the content of calanolides A, B, as well as soulatrolide.