3D NUMERICAL STUDY OF WALL EFFECTS ON VORTEX SHEDDING IN SUBMARINE PIPELINES

Abstract:

Nowadays, worldwide energy requirements continue to rise. Annual human population growth rate has become a good motivation for scientists around the world on finding new ways for reducing energy requirements by trying to optimize energy generation, transportation and consumption. Consequently, the human race has seen the need to search all possible energy sources among which are the oil and gas, usually found offshore. Drilling rigs and production transport systems are needed to move oil and gas extracted from offshore reservoirs to land facilities, where those hydrocarbons usually go through several processes in order to be ready to be used as chemical energy sources in cities and industries. Submarine pipelines are considered one of the most effective and cost-efficient means of transportation for moving oil and gas from offshore reservoirs to land. Frequently, long distances should be covered …

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