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Generation of microwave signals by heterodyning and multiplication techniques: A comparison

Abstract:

Performance of optical heterodyning and external modulation by using an electro-optical modulator technique is evaluated. The first approach is carried out by beating two optical signals with a wavelength spacing corresponding to the desired microwave or millimeter-wave frequency continually tuned. The second technique requires only a single laser source along with a Mach-Zehnder Intensity Modulator (MZ-IM). Due to the available electrical bandwidth of the photodetector used, the experimental results are limited to the frequency range of 13 GHz. All experimental results are validated by a series of simulations using the VPI software. Signal-to-Noise ratio (SNR) and Phase-Noise parameters are measured.