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Genotipos de frijol negro y su tolerancia a sequía terminal en Veracruz, México

Abstract:

In Veracruz, lack of moisture in the terminal phase of beans cause significant yield reduction. The Bean Program Experimental Cotaxtla INIFAP selected two genotypes for tolerance to moisture deficiencies. With aim of studying the phenology and determine the yield and its components, in residual moisture and terminal drought in northern Veracruz were planted drought tolerant lines: SEN-70 and NGO-17-99, with commercial varieties Black Jamapa and Black Michigan as susceptible checks, experimental design was randomized block with four replications and plots four rows 5 m long, 0.60 m apart; useful plot were two central rows. Rain (mm) during the crop cycle and response variables: days to flowering and physiological maturity, pods per plant, grains per pod, weight of 100 grains (g) and grain yield (kg ha-1) were recorded. Analysis of variance of the evaluated parameters was performed and means were compared using least significant difference test (0.05). Only it rained 144.76 mm from planting to maturity, in these conditions, the SEN-70 line was the highest yields and showed fewer days reach to maturity, feature allowed greater escape to terminal drought than Black Jamapa and Black Michigan varieties. Earliness and higher grain weight were associated with higher production, while number pods per plant did not significantly affect bean yield.