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Greenwater algal ponds, combined with microalgal bacterial flocculation (MaB-floc): the cheapest source for aquatic biomass

Abstract:

Hundreds of millions of metric tons y-1 (mmt y-1) of live ‘green water’plankton-microalgae, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, small zooplankton etc.-are cultured in man-made water impoundments, fertilized by manure and other village waste. The plankton feeds filter feeder fish species (world production~ 35 mmt y-1) at a ratio of above 10 ton consumed plankton per ton of produced fish (Neori 2013). The profitability of ‘green water’aquaculture-polyculture is (not exclusively) the result of:(a) the low cost of growing ‘green water’plankton,(b) the value of village waste disposal by the pond, and (c) the sustainability of polyculture. Therefore, its products can be cheap and attractive for large markets. Of the top ten animal species aquacultured in 2010 (FAO statistics), seven were typical greenwater fish and one was a phyto-planktivorous marine clam.