Herbicides that inhibit acetolactate synthase

Abstract:

Herbicides are an essential pillar in modern agricultural practice. They are used to selectively reduce the growth of weeds in crops and natural environments. Early weed mitigating chemicals date back to Roman times and include substances as simple as table salt, sulfuric acid and carbon bisulfide. However, these were non-selective, required high application rates and could be toxic not only to the target weeds but to other plants and to animals. The first major advance in the development of tailored herbicides began in the mid 1940s with the development of the first organic growth regulators such as 2, 4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D)[1]. The next major advance came in the 1970s with the discovery of glyphosate [2], marketed as Roundup, a herbicide that is routinely used to eradicate broad leaf weeds and grasses. Due to the low cost to produce, the small quantities that need to be applied to the field, and the development of glyphosateresistant crops, it has been the dominant herbicide for the past 30 years. As a result of its success, recent efforts in herbicide discovery have been subdued. Glyphosate functions by acting as a transition state inhibitor of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, an enzyme in the aromatic amino acid biosynthesis pathway. Even though glyphosate remains as a world leading commercial herbicide, an increase in the number of resistant weeds is a concern [3]. In the 1980s, another revolutionary class of herbicide, the sulfonylureas (SUs), was discovered by Dr. George Levitt of DuPont. Several years later their mode of action was shown to be inhibition of acetolactate synthase (ALS), also known as …

Año de publicación:

2022

Keywords:

Fuente:

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