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High genetic diversity on a sample of pre‐Columbian bone remains from Guane territories in northwestern Colombia

Abstract:

Ancient DNA was recovered from 17 individuals found in a rock shelter in the district of “La Purnia” (Santander, Colombia). This region is the homeland of pre‐Columbian Guane, whom spread over the “Río Suarez” to the “Río de Oro”, and were surrounded to the west by the Central Andes, south and east by foothills of Eastern Andes, and north by the “Chicamocha” river canyon. Guanes established in a region that straddles the Andes and the northern Amazon basin, possibly making it an unavoidable conduit for people moving to and from South America. We amplified mtDNA hypervariable region I (HVI) segments from ancient bone remains, and the resulting sequences were compared with both ancient and modern mitochondrial haplogroups from American and non‐American populations. Samples showed a distribution of 35% for haplogroup A, 41% for haplogroup B and 24% for haplogroup D. Nine haplotypes …