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High-resolution shotgun proteomics reveals that increased air [CO2] amplifies the acclimation response of coffea species to drought regarding antioxidative, energy, sugar, and lipid dynamics

Abstract:

As drought threatens crop productivity it is crucial to characterize the defense mechanisms against water deficit and unveil their interaction with the expected rise in the air [CO<inf>2</inf>]. For that, plants of Coffea canephora cv. Conilon Clone 153 (CL153) and C. arabica cv. Icatu grown under 380 (aCO<inf>2</inf>) or 700 μL L<sup>−1</sup> (eCO<inf>2</inf>) were exposed to moderate (MWD) and severe (SWD) water deficits. Responses were characterized through the activity and/or abundance of a selected set of proteins associated with antioxidative (e.g., Violaxanthin de-epoxidase, Superoxide dismutase, Ascorbate peroxidases, Monodehydroascorbate reductase), energy/sugar (e.g., Ferredoxin-NADP reductase, NADP-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, sucrose synthase, mannose-6-phosphate isomerase, Enolase), and lipid (Lineolate 13S-lipoxygenase) processes, as well as with other antioxidative (ascorbate) and protective (HSP70) molecules. MWD caused small changes in both genotypes regardless of [CO<inf>2</inf>] level while under the single imposition to SWD, only Icatu showed a global reinforcement of most studied proteins supporting its tolerance to drought. eCO<inf>2</inf> alone did not promote remarkable changes but strengthened a robust multi-response under SWD, even supporting the reversion of impacts already observed by CL153 at aCO<inf>2</inf>. In the context of climate changes where water constraints and [CO<inf>2</inf>] levels are expected to increase, these results highlight why eCO<inf>2</inf> might have an important role in improving drought tolerance in Coffea species.