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How does Lactate have an immunosuppressor effect on sepsis?

Abstract:

The immune system is our means of defense against sepsis, which maintains homeostasis through various functions that require precise control of cellular and metabolic pathways. So much so, that these metabolic pathways have been better defined: Immune cells depend on β-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation as sources of energy for ATP production to preserve cell balance. However, once stimulated, leukocytes change their metabolism through the Warburg effect, so there is an increase in aerobic glycolysis followed by lactate production. It has been determined how lactate can have an immunosuppressive effect on the microenvironment and how these metabolic changes lead to immune suppression and the progression of infection. Understanding the factors involved in this relationship between the immune system and lactate will provide new insights to modulate inflammation, cellular immunity, recovery in septic processes, and advances in therapy.