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Identifying Technological Alternatives Focused on Early Alert or Detection of Forest Fires: Results Derived from an Empirical Study

Abstract:

Context: Forests are home to 80% of terrestrial life; however, they have been seriously threatened as millions of its hectares are lost each year due to forest fires. Aim: To elicit the requirements, methods, techniques, technological elements, situations, and specifications to structure a current, compact, generic, and low-cost technological model that allows early alert or detection of forest fires and provide timely support in decision-making. Method: We carried out a Preliminary Literature Review (PLR) on Scopus digital database strictly following the guidelines for systematic literature reviews proposed by B. Kitchenham with some improvements. Results: The PLR process obtained 15 primary studies as of July 2020, which highlight emerging technologies to address the forest fires’ issues. Conclusions: Forest fires represent an unprecedented danger to life, so there is a broad range of possibilities for their early detection since time ago. Emerging technologies give the science new alternatives to develop compact, economic, accessible, and functional proposals for early warning about this phenomenon.