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Impact of the Association Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) Bean (Vicia faba L.) on Agricultural Production, Biological Fixation and Recycling of Nitrogen

Abstract:

The research was carried out in two Sites of Andean soils in the province of Pichincha at an altitude of 2800 masl. Two factors were used under a divided plot design in a DBCA arrangement with four repetitions, the main plot was the cultivation system (monoculture and association) and the subplot the N levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 and 250 kg ha−1). Quinoa was continuously seeded, while the bean was interspersed 20 cm from the quinoa row and separated by site at 25 cm. Plant production varied according to the growth stage and cultivation system. The extraction of N was low in the initial stage of the crop (70 kg N) and was increasing to 206 and 479 kg N ha−1 in the panicle-flowering and beginning of the grain, respectively. The processes of rhizodeposition and fixation of N in an ecosystem: quinoa-bean, have a sustainable impact on crop nutrition, microbial activity and soil fertility, as demonstrated by the results cited by research carried out with traditional and isotopic techniques of N. Another verified impact is that there was no need to carry out phytosanitary controls. Quinoa productivity was significant (p < 0.01) for interactions between factors: culture, N levels, locality and between trials. The coefficient of variation was 14%. The highest grain productivity was obtained with the doses of 100 and 150 kg ha−1 of N and the content of N varied between 2.8 to 3.0% by effect of the bean on the levels of N.