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InGaAs/InP-based Echelle mirror multiplexer using dual Rowland circle gratings for DFB QCL arrays in the mid-long infrared range

Abstract:

In this work we introduce the design, optimization, simulation and experimental characterization results of a 30-to-1 wavelength multiplexer for a Distributed Feedback Quantum Cascade Laser (DFB QCL) laser array operating in the 7- 8.5 μm (mid-long) infrared (IR) range based on an Echelle mirror using a dual Rowland circle grating scheme. This design is proposed in order to achieve a continuous tuning range overcoming the limited tunability of individual QCLs. The design is based on a DFB-QCL array with wavelength spacing of 0.05 μm, aiming to reducing coupling between the slab waveguides to a minimum. We discuss the design parameters such as the order of diffraction, the operation wavelength range in the slab waveguides and the position of both the input and output waveguides are optimized for obtaining higher output power in the overall wavelength range of the multiplexer device than in a single Rowland circle grating scheme, providing an improvement in channel transmission. Other design characteristics, such as the structure scalability and reduction in size for these devices are considered and studied, including the input/output waveguide optimization as a function of parameters such as waveguide width, etching depth and wavelength. A systematic process is presented for all steps in the design of these devices, comparing both simulated and experimental results, placing them as suitable options when compared to other IR multiplexer schemes in terms of size and transmission.