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Incidence and clinical characteristics of newborns with human deficiency virus infection from the hospital martín icaza de Babahoyo, Ecuador

Abstract:

Objective: To determine the incidence and clinical characteristics of neonatal patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from Hospital Martín Icaza in Babahoyo, Ecuador. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive and retrospective study in neonates with HIV infection ac-quired by vertical transmission, during the period from Janu-ary 2016 to December 2017, the clinical data found in the de-partment of medical records of the mentioned hospital were used; the cumulative incidence during the study period was calculated. Results: Out of the 684 newborns, 60 were admitted for HIV infection, with a cumulative incidence of 6.9% in 2 years. The most frequent maternal risk factor was the use of parenteral drugs (38%; n=23), the most common risk factor during pregnancy was prolonged delivery (25%; n=15), low birth weight the most prevalent perinatal condition. The 63% (n=38) had an APGAR <4 points at the first minute, the most frequent complications were hypoxic-ischemic encephalopa-thy (43.3%; n=26) and cerebral hemorrhage (20%; n=12), all subjects presented acidosis with metabolic acidosis be-ing the most common one (70%; n=42). Conclusion: The incidence of HIV infection in neonates from Hospital Martín Icaza in Babahoyo, Ecuador was 6.9% during the 2016-2017 period, similar to that shown in various population studies worldwide. It is important to consider the numerous maternal and perinatal risk factors, whose proper control would reduce the chances of transmission to the newborn.