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Incidence and risk factors of visceral Leishmaniasis in Venezuela, contribution to the burden of the region of the Americas

Abstract:

Visceral Leishmaniasis is a systemic disease, transmitted by Lutzomyia species, and caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, it is endemic in 13 countries of the Americas, influenced by factors such as the exposure of susceptible humans, socioeconomic, changes in the environment by anthropic or natural action, reservoirs or vectors. Hence, the interannual variation and risk factors of visceral Leishmaniasis in Venezuela 2012-2019 were studied. As well as the influence on the epidemiological indices of the Americas, whose primary source of information was the SisLeish-PAHO / WHO. In the Americas, the disease is endemic in 13 countries, with 2019 being Brazil, the main contributor of cases to the region, for 2019 it contributed 97% (2,529), however, Venezuela has an endemic behavior of a hypoendemic and focal nature, with a low endemic index but annually contributes cases to the Americas region, for 2019 it showed an incidence for risk areas and for the general population of 1.08 and 0.07 respectively, it also contributes to the statistics of DALY. Transmission is influenced by different factors among the determinants: the presence of the domestic canine as a protozoan reservoir, anthropic action, structural poverty and low educational level, constitute a social determinant of risk, and that increased the probability of contact between humans and vectors due to poor quality of housing and overcrowding, all of these components yielded estimated PPD values lower than 2.40, which confers importance attributable to transmission cycles.