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Incidencia de retinopatía en prematuros menores de 1500g. Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Neonatales, Hospital Regional del IESS Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, 2007 - 2009

Abstract:

The retinopatía of the prematurity represents an important reason of blindness in the children. The study realizóen the Regional Hospital of the IESS Dr. Teodoro Maldonado Carbo, in the included period of 2007-2009, in the unit of intensive care neonatales, with the aim to know which is the incident of this pathology, which is the factors of risk that are associated with the above mentioned disease and which is the importance of his precocious and opportune diagnosis to avoid the evolution to the blindness and / or visual weakness. A descriptive study was realized, correlacional and retrospectively, in 48 patient alive newborn children minor premature babies of 1500 grams and minors of 35 weeks of gestation who fulfilled the criteria of incorporation.To determine the existence of the above mentioned disease there were checked the clinical histories of the patients to whom they there was realized an ophthalmological examination (oftalmoscopía hint) on the part of the specialist, from the fourth week of extrauterine life. 6,8 % of all the neonatos of the Hospital was minor premature babies of 1500 gr. 35 % of the population presented retinopatía, of which the majority they were men (58,82 % vs 41,17 %). Between the factors of risk of the disease they appeared: Oxygen therapy, Membrane disease hialina, Enterocolitis and Hemorrhage intraventricular, between others. At the end of the study it was possible to determine that the retinopatía of the premature baby is a disease multifactorial, being, for this motive, difficult his prevention, therefore it is necessary to try to control and minimize the possible factors of risk associated to retinopatía.