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Injerto óseo autólogo en paciente con atrofia ósea alveolar

Abstract:

Autologous bone graft is a first choice alternative also called "the gold standard" for the reconstruction of alveolar bone atrophy, due to its high content of cellular bone components. It has an important role in the present era, as it is the only material that meets the requirement of being osteogenic. The objective of the present investigation is to determine the efficacy of autologous bone graftingin patients with alveolar bone atrophy who need to be rehabilitated. A qualitative, exploratory, documentary, and retrospective methodology was applied. A mnemonic card was used as a data collection instrument to classify the 49articles found through the meta-search engines Web Of Sciences, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scielo, Cochrane Library, Elsevier, and also with the keywords. The result was that the autologous bone graft is the only one that complies with the three mechanisms of bone regeneration: osteogenesis, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction. Therefore, it is concluded that the autologous bone graft avoids the transmission of diseases and immunological rejection because it is obtained from the same individual. The success and failure of bone grafts depend on several factors such as age, sex, diseases, tobacco, and type of grafts to be used, having the highest success rate of autologous bone graft in female patients between 17 -35 years old.