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Malacoplakia in a teenager: A case report

Abstract:

Malacoplakia is a rare, granulomatous, chronic inflammatory disease characterized by foamy histiocytic in-filtrations known as Michaelis-Gutmann inclusions. The urinary system is the most commonly affected site, followed by the gastrointestinal tract. The prognosis of the disease depends on the extent, location, and underlying health status of the patient. This is the clinical case of a 15-year-old male patient with no significant health history. At age 7, the patient presented with hematochezia and mild abdominal pain that impro-ved after defecation. A colonoscopy was performed, finding pseudopolypoid lesions in the sigmoid colon. Biopsy samples were taken, and the report showed inflammatory polyps with exacerbation foci, numerous histiocytes (Michaelis-Gutmann bodies), and reactive epithelial changes that lead to diagnose malacoplakia. Conclusion: Malacoplakia is a very rare disease in young people with no underlying disease. Its prevalence is unknown, but more than 700 cases have been reported. It can occur at all ages, with a mean age at diagnosis of 50 years. Pediatric cases are rare. There is a higher incidence in men, and it has no racial pbkp_redilection. Between 60 % and 80 % of cases involve the urinary tract (bladder, kidneys, and urethra); 15 % involve the digestive tract (left colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and stomach); and, to a lesser extent, other areas such as skin, lungs, and central nervous system may be affected. The prognosis of the disease is usually good. This is the case of a healthy 15-year-old male with no apparent associated disease that illustrates the rarity of this presentation and the need for a high level of clinical suspicion to diagnose the disease.