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Mechanisms of invasion from sporozoite of Plasmodium into the mosquito vector Anopheles

Abstract:

Malaria is a tropical disease considered a public health problem worldwide by WHO. Plasmodium is a protozoan whose vector is the female Anopheles mosquito. This vector has two fundamental processes in the life cycle of the parasite, such as sexual reproduction, with the formation of a mobile zygote called ookinete, product of fertilization between gametes and then invade the lining of the stomach and form the oocyst. The product of this sporogonic stage are sporozoites (asexual reproduction) that target the salivary glands, which is infective for the mammal. The sporozoite is responsible for establishing the disease in the vertebrate host and therefore the processes by which this invasion of the salivary glands of the mosquito take place are one of the key points of study. We present a review of the mechanisms of invasion of the parasite within the mosquito vector and the most important proteins that mediate this process. The most studied aspect in malaria research was to determine the antigenicity of such proteins in this part of the cycle in order for them to be used in vaccine design. Including some of the most studied, they are: P230, P48 / 45, P28, P25, CTRP, CS, TRAP, WARP and SOAP, which have been considered in strategies to inhibit the development of the parasite, which is better known as blocking transmission vaccines by the vector. Therefore, we present some strategies in designing vaccines based on proteins involved in developed stages within the vector.