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Method proposal of biomechanical analysis in wrestling sports: Cinematic analysis of the garabito

Abstract:

There is a lack of experimental biomechanical studies on wrestling sports. This lack is more evident in kinematics due to the difficulty of the digitising process, since a great number of hidden points are created. In this paper a method is shown the aim of which is to analyse 'breaking-in' techniques in any wrestling sport. This method is implemented as a test study in a leonesa wrestling skill. This 3D photogrammetric study was carried out to, on the one hand, validate the use of the photogrammetry in wrestling and, on the other, analyse different variables relevant to the wrestler's balance. So as to prove the validity of the digitising process in wrestling, the reliability has been studied analysing five repetitions of the same skill, and the maximal standard deviations and ANOVAs of each 3D point have been estimated. The largest standard deviation was 0.042 m in coordinate X of the opponent's elbow. From the ANOVAs, no pertinent difference was found. Consequently, although there are hidden points, it is possible to use photogrammetry in wrestling sports. As far as the variables relevant to the balance are concerned, the relation between the centre of mass and the lift base is implemented as a criterion for dividing into phases, so as to classify the different techniques of the same kind and to compare the efficiency between similar techniques of different wrestling sports. It has been claimed that the skill studied in this paper, known as the garabito (a specific technique of this wrestling), implies a risk for the attacker due to two reasons: first, while the attacker carries out the unbalance, he leans on one foot with a drop angle of 16.56%, and second, at that moment, the opponent's support base is wide (0.1 m2) with the four members resting on the ground. It has been shown that this skill can be classified as knock-down forward, since the opponent's direction of the centre of mass in the breaking-in is -8.68°.