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A Novel Approach for Facile Synthesis of Biocompatible PVA-Coated PLA Nanofibers as Composite Membrane Scaffolds for Enhanced Osteoblast Proliferation

Abstract:

This chapter discusses a novel approach for facile synthesis of biocompatible poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA-coated polylactide (PLA) as composite membrane scaffolds for enhanced osteoblast proliferation. The composite scaffolds combined from PLA nanofiber-based materials coated with PVA thin layer were fabricated using hydrothermal treatment. The effects of deposition of the hydrophilic PVA on the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cell attachment and proliferation were investigated by in vitro cell compatibility tests. The morphology, structure, chemical interfacial bonding, and thermal and mechanical properties of the scaffolds were studied. Results showed that PVA thin layer was successfully deposited onto the electrospun PLA fiber surfaces during hydrothermal treatment. The hydrothermal process induced crystalline conformation due to enhanced chain mobility of PLA. The mechanical tests showed that PLA could be turned from rigid to ductile with enhanced tensile strength, due to maximizing the hydrogen bond interaction during the heat treatment and the presence of PVA. The adhesion and proliferation properties of MC3T3-E1 cells on composite scaffolds were significantly higher than on the pristine fibers. The treatment process on PLA and producing composite samples from substrates could contribute to decelerating the rapid acidic phase release from the PLA molecules in the surrounding physiological environment. Based on the experimental results, PVA-coated PLA mats could be of particular interest in bone tissue engineering for tissue regeneration.