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Patterns of death and disease in the Brazilian population: Renewed challenges for the National Health System (SUS)

Abstract:

During the twentieth century, Brazil underwent sweeping changes in its population structure and its morbidity and mortality patterns. This study presents some reflections on major health problems faced by the Brazilian population today. The main causes of death and hospitalization include chronic and degenerative diseases, accidents and various forms of violence. However, infectious diseases are still an important problem in terms of morbidity. The lack of solutions for basic structural problems, the continuation of inadequate living conditions and ways of life, and the weakness of mechanisms regulating damage to the environment all result in health risks that overlap rather than succeed each other. The outcomes are high morbidity and mortality rates in the population that remain unchanged over the years. Lightening this burden is a challenge when drawing up health policies. Consequently, it is important to stress the need for multi-sector actions that help prevent and control diseases and ease human suffering, offering each individual a guarantee of full physical and mental achievement. These actions involve not only the healthcare sector, but must also encompass economic, social and policies.