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Performance and Economic Assessment of the Treatment of Phenol with TiO<inf>2</inf> Photocatalysis, Photo-Fenton, Biological Aerated Filter, and Wetland Reactors

Abstract:

The performance and economic cost of the removal of phenol with TiO2 photocatalysis, photo-Fenton reactions, biological aerated filter (BAF), and constructed wetland (CW) reactors has been studied. The BAF achieved complete removal with a maximum phenol concentration of 200 mg·L−1. The BAF-CW combination provided a phenol-free effluent with a maximum phenol concentration of 650 mg·L−1. In both cases, a complete detoxification of the treated water was achieved at the concentrations studied. The efficiency of TiO2 photocatalysis was limited to concentrations below 50 mg L−1 to minimize removal reduction and toxicity of the intermediates. Photo-Fenton was more efficient, but also more expensive because of the high cost of H2O2. The photo-Fenton-BAF combination is proposed to be the most suitable one.