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Phytochemical, antioxidant and hypoglucemic activity of extracts from leaves of cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I. M. Johnst (Chaya)

Abstract:

Objective: to evaluate, preliminary, chemical composition of different extracts obtained from leaves of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Mill.) I. M. Johns, and antioxidant and hypoglycemic activity of water extract. Methods: phytochemical study to different extracts obtained by maceration in hexane, acetone and methanol was conducted by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Antioxidant evaluation of water extract included total reduction potential, reduced glutathione and organoperoxides determinations. The hypoglycemic activity of lyophilized water extract was studied in rats using alloxano as hyperglycemia-inducing agent. Results: the main metabolites present in the plant were identified, fatty acids (palmitic acid, linoleic acid, ?-linolenic acid), triterpenes (3 keto ?-amyrin, ?-amyrin, ?-amyrin acetate and ?-lupeol acetate) and sugars (glycerol, xylitol, arabitol, glucitol). For potential use of the plant: antioxidant activity for non-protein -SH groups of the water extract of raw drug at concentrations of 0,12 mg/mL showed significant values compared to the reference ranges in human plasma. However, the lyophilized water extract obtaines from de raw drug (dose of 500 mg/kg body weight of rat) was shown to possess hypoglycemic effect. Conclusions: were identified, preliminary, the mayor metabolites present in the species growing in Ecuador and possible use of water extract as antioxidant agent and not like hipoglucemian.