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Prevalence of moderate to severe anemia in patients with chronic renal disease in hemodialysis

Abstract:

Introduction: Anemia is a frequent find in chronic kidney disease, mainly due to a deficit in erythropoietin production. Other factors such as iron, B12 vitamin and folic acid deficit can intervene in its physiopathology. A great percentage of patients with chronic kidney disease that undergo hemodialysis suffer from anemia and it is necessary to consider what other comorbidities might be associated to this pathology. Materials and methods: A retrospective and descriptive study was conducted in 43 patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis who attended the Kidney Clinic of Riombamba-Ecuador in 2011. The medical records were examined to collect information regarding hemoglobin levels to evaluate the prevalence of moderate to severe anemia. We performed a multiple logistic regression model adjusted for: sex, age, urea, creatinine, BUN, hyperkalemia and glycaemia. Statistically significant results were considered when p <0.05 Results: 53.5% of the studied population had anemia and it was more prevalent amongst women with 80% vs. 39.3% of the men. High urea and BUN levels had statistically significant association with anemia (χ2=5.58; p=0.018 and χ 2=5.43; p=0.020 respectively). The variables that showed the greatest influence for anemia were the female sex (OR=37.62, 95%CI: 2.41-58.51) and high urea levels (OR=28.73, 95%CI: 28.73-45.34). Conclusion: 50% of our population had anemia, which is considered a high prevalence, especially considering that anemia is an independent mortality risk factor. Likewise, an association between uremia and anemia in chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis was observed, which implies an increased mortality risk for cardiovascular disease amongst these patients.