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Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y uso de fármacos antihipertensivos en adultos de la ciudad de Cuenca, Ecuador. 2018

Abstract:

Background: In 2017, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) published a guide for the prevention, detection, evaluation and management of high blood pressure (HBP) in adults with new diagnostic parameters, resulting in an increase in the prevalence of HBP. Objective: The aim was to determine the prevalence of hypertension in adults of the urban parishes of Cuenca based on the new criteria of the ACC/AHA, and the use of antihypertensive drugs in 2018. Methods and materials: Descriptive cross-sectional study in 15 urban parishes of Cuenca, with a population of 223,798 inhabitants over 18 years old. The sample was formed by 384 people. Pregnant women, persons deprived of liberty, hospitals and military barracks were excluded. The definition of HBP was based on the ACC/AHA guideline. The instruments used were tensiometers, stethoscopes and surveys. Excel and SPSS were used to analyze data; results being shown in frequencies, percentages, standard deviation and arithmetic mean. Results: 49.7% of the population is normotensive and 14.6% have elevated blood pressure. The prevalence of stage 1 hypertension was 27.9% (n = 107) and stage 2, 7.8% (n = 30). 93.6% of subjects with previous diagnosis of HBP consumed antihypertensive drugs, with monotherapy being the most used (61%). Losartan (11.7%) is the most used antihypertensive drug. Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension according to the criteria of ACC/AHA was 35.7%, being mayor to JNC-8, with an increase of 12%.