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Prevalencia y factores asociados a calcificación de la aorta abdominal en pacientes entre 40 y 65 años del Departamento de Medicina Interna del Hospital José Carrasco Arteaga del Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social. Cuenca, 2013-2014.

Abstract:

Background: Vascular calcifications are set up as a cardiovascular illness synonym, it’s important to define effective protocols to identify them and determine the cardiovascular risk. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of abdominal aortic calcifications, analyze the frequency of the risk factors and determine its association. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional prevalence study was developed. Abdominal aortic calcifications were evaluated by taking a lateral lumbar spine radiography and applying Kauppila’s index. Associated factors as sex, age, nutricional status, smoking precedents, sedentism, arterial hypertensions, type 2 diabetes, glycated hemoglobin and dyslipidemia were studied using prevalence ratio with a 95% CI and p – value < 0.05. Results: 351 patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were studied. Prevalence of calcifications was 21.37% and more frequent in female sex (54.67%) and patients over 55 years (58.7%). Age over 55 (RP:1.60, IC-95%: 1.06–2.40, p: 0.03), arterial hypertension (RP:2.28, IC-95%: 1.49–3.31, p: 0.0001), type 2 DM (RP:3.09, IC-95%: 2.13–4.48, p: <0.0001), glycated hemoglobin over 7% (RP:3.37, IC-95%: 2.32-4.91, p: <0.0001), serum cholesterol over 190mg/dl (RP:1.56, IC-95%: 1.01–2.40, p: 0.05) and LDL higher than 160mg/dl (RP:1.57, IC-95%: 1.01–2.42, p: 0.07) and smoking – habit (RP:1.61, IC-95%: 1.005–2.60, p: 0.08) demonstrated to be statistically significant risk factors. Sedentarism, obesity overweight aren´t statistically significant risk factors. Conclusions: Age over 55, arterial hypertension diagnosis, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, glycated hemoglobin over 7% and smoking - habit are important risk factors in development of abdominal aortic calcifications. Recommendations: Lateral lumbar spine radiography should be taken to patients with the presence of this studied risks factors