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Processing and analysis of digital images for the diagnosis of ophthalmological diseases

Abstract:

This work presents a study focused on the processing and analysis of digital images for the timely diagnosis of different ophthalmological diseases, in both anterior and posterior part of the eye. The development of imaging and tele-diagnosis has increased the technological potential within the medical area, offering low-cost advantages and reducing human errors. Millions of people worldwide have some type of visual impairment or blindness, which is a challenge for medical diagnosis and modern ophthalmology, due to its complexity in the development of a unique model capable of allowing a pre-diagnosis of assistance. The objective of this study is to present a systematic review according to the literature obtained from different academic sources during the period 2015-2020 related to digital image processing to alter visual information, provide faster assessments and obtain better results. The search engines used were: Google Scholar, Web of Science, Research Gate, Scopus and PubMed. The research was carried out using Boolean operators that allowed the selection of 80 articles, classified into two categories, those focused on the anterior part of the eye and others on the posterior part of the eye. The analysis allows to acquire information from an ocular image through the pre-processing, segmentation, extraction of characteristics and pre-diagnosis of diseases such as: glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, macular degeneration, cataracts and pterygium. Therefore, this comprehensive review serves as a reference for students and professionals interested in the subject.