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Regulatory factors involved in bone turnover: estrogens and vitamin D

Abstract:

Bone tissue responds to gonadal steroid hormones and vitamin D. Bone turnover is the process of replacing deteriorated tissue, and estrogens play a significant role at the tissular, cellular and molecular levels. After menopause, bone resorption predominates and increases the risk of osteoporosis. The vitamin D endocrine system also regulates bone metabolism through specific receptors and non-genomic mechanisms. Vitamin D deficiency is widespread among the general population and has been related to low sun exposure and low dietary intake. Vitamin D supplementation is an important antiresorptive measure and helps to maintain musculoskeletal health. © 2009 Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia.