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Shot put kinematic study applied to special strength training

Abstract:

The special strength training in each sporting activity implies the undertaking of the exercises which follow the structure of the physical movement in an athletic competition. A shot put cinematic study was carried out in a real situation with 3D video technique. The movement of the throwing arm and forearm as well as the line of the shoulders and the trunk were analyzed in order to outline strength exercises for shot utters, which should follow the structure of that movement during the competition. The final stage of the best putters' technique in the spanish championship (Salamanca, 1997) was studied. After recording the performances, digitalizing the photograms, rebuilding the tridimensional coordinates by the DLT-technique and doing the softening by the GCV method of splines to the STH power, the results are recorded. Then the coordinates of the points X, Y and Z, described by the forearm, arm, line of the shoulders and upper segment of the trunk, as well as their projections on the planes XY, XZ and YZ according to the time were analized. It has been showed the importance of the turn in the form of the shoulders whose projection XY decreases from -163.5 ± 17.0°at the beginning to -320.8 ± 19.8°at the end, in contrast to the transverse adduction of the arm whose projection ranges between 136.8 ± 10.7°and 173.8 ± 10.6°. In the conclusion some training exercises specific of the training the explosive force of the upper limb and trunk for elite putters, with detailed movements of the implied segments and joint ranges, according those recorded in competition. The methodology used in this study could be applied to other sporting techniques in order to achieve a greater specificity in training through the cinematic analysis of the results from real situation during competition.