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Socioeconomic effect on morphological traits of Ecuador autochthonous hens

Abstract:

244 birds were characterized phaneroptically: 207 chickens 84.84% and 37 chickens 15.16% in 25 localities of 6 provinces of Ecuador, Sierra Region: Bolívar 31, Chimborazo 70, Tungurahua 35, Cotopaxi 32; Coast Region: Guayas 28; Amazon Region: Morona Santiago 38. Through direct observation, the collected data were tabulated in the statistical program SPSS Statistic version 19, as descriptive statistics, frequencies were obtained; The Chi-square test of Pearson and La V de Cramer (P ≤0.05) were also performed. The province of Bolívar, Chimbo parish, obtained the highest values of the median for feather color, ridge type, skin color and presence of feathers in the neck 6,50; 1.00; 1.00; 1.00 respectively. The coloration of the plumage presented was brown coffee 17.21%, followed by mottled 16.80%, black 14.34% and barred 10.25%. The most frequent form of the crests was the simple one with 76.74%, followed by walnut type 8.20%. The skin of the birds showed a yellow coloration in most cases 52.46%. The greater percentage of the animals presents feathered of normal type 94,26% and 5,74% bare neck. The birds studied are heterogeneous populations with great variability in terms of phaneroptic characteristics, which would allow the creation of production lines that preserve their phenotype and rusticity, taking into account the preference of consumers and producers who run under traditional, cultural, social production systems and economically sustainable for the benefit of peasant families, safeguarding food sovereignty and ancestral knowledge.