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Spatial-temporal distribution of chikungunya and zika viruses in the Andean Subregion of the Americas during the 2016-2020 period

Abstract:

The temporal-spatial epidemiological analysis of vector diseases, genesis of epidemiology by assessing the occurrence of the disease in a specific geographic space in a temporal unit in order to enhance public health policies. The objective was to analyze the spatiotemporal distribution of the chikungunya and zika viruses in the Andean Subregion of the Americas during the 2016-2020 period. Using the data source of the Information System of the Ministry of Public Health of the state of Ecuador, with the purpose of determining endemic areas with higher population density and concentration of cases. Analysis of data through descriptive statistics based on the Morán Index. Results: chikungunya contributed 56,514 cases to the burden of the region during the study period, with 2016 being the year with the highest occurrence, but with a significant decrease of 85% of the cases for 2017, being Bolivia (47%) and Colombia (36%) with higher numbers of confirmed cases. The Zika contributed 179,867 cases in the period studied, with Colombia, Peru and Venezuela showing a trend of decreasing cases year-on-year. However, Bolívar showed increased concentration. The occurrence of cases may be associated with the adaptation of the mosquito-vector to new latitudes, being in Bolivia where it has reached the highest altitude (2550 m a.s.l.). In the Andean subregion, the two arboviruses are co-circulating, which could mean a positive condition to control the occurrence of the disease, since Zika and Chikungunya have become endemic diseases in the region..