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Susceptibility to flooding in abdon calderon of canton portoviejo parish

Abstract:

Floods are cataloged as the most frequent and damaging catastrophe of natural origin at a global level. However, not all of them have the same repercussions, it depends on the intensity and duration of rainfall, the geology of the area and the strategies to reduce the impact caused. A flood (from the Latin inundatio-onis) according to the dictionary of the Royal Spanish Academy, is the action and effect of flooding, that is, covering the land and sometimes the populations. The Basic Guideline for Civil Protection Planning for Flood Hazards (MJI 1995) defines flooding as the temporary submersion of normally dry land as a result of the unusual and more or less sudden contribution of a quantity of water superior to that which is usual in a certain area. For its part, the new European Flood Directive (2007/60/EC) defines flooding as the" temporary flooding of land that is not normally covered by water"(A. Diez-Herero, 2008). According to (OMM/UNESCO, 1974), cited by Espinosa et al.,(2014), flood is understood as an event that, due to precipitation, waves, storm surges, or failure of some hydraulic structure causes an increase in the level of the free surface of the water of the rivers or the sea itself, generating invasion or penetration of water in places where there is usually none and, generally, damage to the population, agriculture, livestock, and infrastructure. According to the Fourth Assessment Report of the year 2007 of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it mentions in its information that the floods have increased since the last decade and that they will continue that trend as a consequence of climate change and population increase …