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The Gender Gap of Retirement Pensions in Spain, Causes and Improvements in the Legal Order

Abstract:

Despite the progress made, the gender gap in the labour market and in the Social Security System continues to be a pending issue of improvements for all the Spanish society. The objective of this paper is to analyse the part-time work situation in Spain and the gender gap that this may imply for pensions, as well as the regulatory changes and good practices developed in the Spanish legislation to reduce the gap. The analysis is developed from the Living Conditions Survey (LCS, 2013–2016) of the INE (National Institute of Statistics). The data show the gender inequalities in the labour market; unemployment, part-time work and inactivity are more present throughout women’s working lives, which causes lower salaries and time contributed, and therefore, greater difficulties to access to contributory retirement benefits.