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The Multimodal Matrix as a Quantitative Ethnography Methodology

Abstract:

This paper seeks to contribute to the emerging field of Quantitative Ethnography (QE) by demonstrating its utility to solve a complex challenge in Learning Analytics: the provision of timely feedback to collocated teams and their coaches. We define two requirements that extend the QE concept in order to operationalise it such a design process, namely, the use of co-design methodologies, and the availability of automated analytics workflow to close the feedback loop. We introduce the Multimodal Matrix as a data modelling approach that can integrate theoretical concepts about teamwork with contextual insights about specific work practices, enabling the analyst to map between higher order codes and low-level sensor data, with the option add the results of manually performed analyses. This is implemented in software as a workflow for rapid data modelling, analysis and interactive visualisation, demonstrated in the context of nursing teamwork simulations. We propose that this exemplifies how a QE methodology can underpin collocated activity analytics, at scale, with in-principle applications to embodied, collocated activities beyond our case study.