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The bioeconomics of nitrate emissions from agricultural land

Abstract:

Some of the highest losses of nitrate to surface waters come from drained agricultural land. Given previous this article studied for Belgian farming conditions (i) the effect of subsurface drainage density on nitrate losses and (ii) the economics of nitrate emissions, using the nitrogen version of DRAINMOD (Brevé et al., 1997). DRAINMOD (Skaggs, 1997) was used to simulate the performance of the drainage system of the Hooibeekhoeve experiment, situated in the sandy region of the Kempen (Belgium), and this for a 14-year (1985-1998) period. In the analysis a continuous cropping with maize was assumed. Daily NO3-N losses were pbkp_redicted for a range of drain spacings and depths, two drainage strategies (conventional and controlled) and three fertiliser application dressings (225, 275, 325 kg N ha-1). Losses of N in subsurface drainage occur almost entirely in the NO3-N form. Losses of organic and anorganic N in the form of NO3-N in surface runoff are small and can be neglected. Hydrologic results indicated that increasing drain spacing or decreasing drain depth reduces drainage discharge while it increases runoff. The use of controlled drainage reduces subsurface drainage and increases runoff. Results also revealed that increasing the drain spacing or decreasing the drain depth reduces nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) drainage losses and net mineralisation, while increasing denitrification and runoff losses. Controlled drainage caused a pbkp_redicted reduction in drainage losses and an increase in denitrification and runoff losses. The optimal combination of drain density and management is one that maximise profits and minimise environmental impacts. Simulated results indicated that NO3-N losses to the environment could be substantially reduced by reducing the drainage density below the level required for maximum profits based on grain sales. The study concluded that, if the environmental objective is of equal or greater importance than profits, the drainage systems can be designed and managed to reduce NO3-N losses while still providing an acceptable profit. Copyright ASCE 2004.